TITLE:
ENTRY TASK:
INTRODUCTION
KEY TERMS:
ACTIVITIES:
PLENARY:
HW:
AQA Geography Section C: Physical Environments in the UK - COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS
New Unit:
Coastal Environments in the UK
In this unit, you will study the following:Key Idea: The coast is shaped by a number of physical processes.
- Wave types and characteristics.
- Coastal processes:
- weathering processes – mechanical, chemical
- mass movement – sliding, slumping and rock falls
- erosion – hydraulic power, abrasion and attrition
- transportation – longshore drift
- deposition – why sediment is deposited in coastal areas.
- How geological structure and rock type influence coastal forms.
- Characteristics and formation of landforms resulting from erosion - headlands and bays, cliffs and wave cut platforms, caves, arches and stacks.
- Characteristics and formation of landforms resulting from deposition – beaches, sand dunes, spits and bars.
Key Idea: Different management strategies can be used to protect coastlines from the effects of physical processes.
- The costs and benefits of the following management strategies:
- hard engineering – sea walls, rock armour, gabions and groynes
- soft engineering – beach nourishment and reprofiling, dune regeneration
- managed retreat – coastal realignment.
An example of a coastal management scheme in the UK to show:
- the reasons for management
- the management strategy
- the resulting effects and conflicts.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Intro lesson below to be delivered as cover work (worksheet produced - see source) an intro to GCSE Geog. 10th Sept 2018CW Date: th September 2018
Source sheet - HERE
Entry Task:
Discuss with your near neighbour...
- What exactly do we mean by "the coast"?
- Why geographers frequently study coasts.
Follow up...
Quickly scan through the images in the coastal management section of the text... pp 99 to 113.
Does what you have seen change how you would answer the two questions above
Feedback...
Highlight in dark colour to read (we are going to read and discuss, then you are going to answer the original questions in writing):
The "coast" is a zone where land and sea meet. It is described as a zone since the relative position of land and sea actually shift on a daily basis due to rising and falling of the tide.
The coast is also a place of considerable interest to geographers because it is where the processes that shape both land and marine environments meet and where there is a lot of "action"... visible and significant weathering, erosion, transport and deposition take place and their effects are often very visible.
Furthermore, coastal area are very popular places to live and work for humans... so what happens there can impact large numbers of people.
SO... now compose your own paragraphs to:
a. Explain what we mean by the coast.
b. Give reasons why geographers are interested in studying the coast.
...and finally... complete your writing by listing some of the things that people use the coast for and explaining how these activities might suffer if, say, the coast was suffering from significant erosion...
Video (W Africa/World Bank) - HERE
Title:
What different types of waves affect the coast?
Student pack - HERE
Page 92/93
After working through this spread, most
of you should be able to:
• explain the different ways in which
waves are formed
• describe what happens to waves as
they approach the shore
• describe the characteristics of
constructive and destructive waves
Subtitle:
Formation of Waves
Waves can be formed in nature by a
variety of processes... can you think of
any that you have encountered in KS3?
Action:
Copy/make notes on the following:
Waves can be produced by a number of
events/processes. At the coast, however,
waves are mostly the product of WIND
blowing over the surface of the sea.
Friction between the water and the
moving air initiates movement of water
molecules at the surface which
gradually can build up to form ripples,
wavelets and then waves (increasing in
size).
The size of waves is influenced by a
number of factors:
Action:
Q for discussion:
What do you think the effects of the
above are?
b. Now develop your discussion...
Explain... On average, would you
expect waves to be bigger or smaller:
After a brief, but powerful storm or a
less powerful storm that lasted longer?
Subheading:
How do waves change as they approach the coast?
Intro:
The way that waves move varies depending on the depth of water that they are in...
Read the section of pp 92 describing what happens to waves when they approach the coast and enter shallower water.
Feedback
Activities:
Home Learning (Set on th September 2017):
Complete Activity 1 from pp 93 of the textbook.
Tip: Good quality illustration in Geography is important as it makes your communication more effective... ensure that you START activity 1a by sketching a border for your diagram first... if you are unsure of the method of geographical sketching/illustrating, ask your teacher to review it with you (or the class).
CW Date: September 2018
TITLE:
ENTRY TASK:
KEY TERMS:
ACTIVITIES:
PLENARY:
FURTHER LEARNING:
CW Date: 20th September 2018
TITLE:
ENTRY TASK:
Adapted from Original Source - Wiki:
Generally uprush (swash) velocities are greater but of shorter duration compared to the backwash. Onshore velocities are at greatest at the start of the swash phase and then decrease, whereas offshore velocities increase towards the end of the backwash. The direction of the swash varies with the prevailing wind, whereas the backwash is always perpendicular to the coastline.
From Here NL (Monday 24th Sep)
KEY TERMS:
ACTIVITIES:
PLENARY:
What three features of waves change as they enter shallow water?
TITLE:
ENTRY TASK:
KEY TERMS:
ACTIVITIES:
FURTHER LEARNING:
CW Date: 25th September 2018
TITLE:
Weathering and Mass Movement (continued).
ENTRY TASK:
KEY TERMS:
ACTIVITIES:
Complete the activities 1, 2 and 3 on pp 95 of the text book.
Intervention re. Freeze-thaw weathering + processes of Mass Movement (distinguishing features)... see source sheet HERE
(To answer 1b, students will need to refer to diagram b on pp 94)
PLENARY:
FURTHER LEARNING:
CW Date: 27th September 2018
TITLE:
Processes affecting the Coast
ENTRY TASK:
Sequence the following pieces of text (in writing in your exercise book) ... what weathering process to they describe?
KEY TERMS:
Weathering - Define (previous lesson)
Mass Movement - Define (previous lesson)
Erosion - The breakdown of rock involving significant movement e.g. flowing water
Transport - The movement and relocation of material by various media including water.
Deposition - The dropping of material that was previously being transported due to a reduction in flow energy of the carrying medium eg slowing water flow
ACTIVITIES:
1. Weathering processes are divided into three types: Mechanical, Chemical and Biological. Describe the nature of each and their key differences.
2. What is the distinguishing characteristic of a Rockfall?
3. What is the difference between the material in slopes likely to experience a Landslide and a Rotational Slip?
From here next session... Tuesday wk 1 2nd Oct
4. What specific features would you look for to identify whether a mass movement was a Mudflow?
5. Using pp 96/7 of the textbook, describe the processes of Erosion (five sub-processes), Transportation (four sub-processes) and Deposition
You are advised to use diagrams to assist you. You will need to design your own in the case of Erosion and Deposition as those in the text do not suit your purpose!
Continuing work...
CW Date: 4th October 2018
TITLE:
Processes affecting the Coast
6. Complete the learning check sheets - HERE
NL complete the remaining learning check sheets
Putting it all together:
Most processes do not work in isolation from each other... weathering, for example can weaken rocks and make them more susceptible to erosional processes. Weathering can also play a role in mass movement... again by weakening the structure of rock layers so that they more easily move relative to each other.
The joints and bedding planes in this cliff have most likely been weathered by the ingress of water. Weakening the contact between layers or the rocks either side of a fault have then allowed the whole mass of rock to collapse. It is possible that Chemical Weathering has been at work and/or freeze thaw.
Erosion is also aided by the effects of weathering on rock as it weakens, creates irregularities on the surface (increasing the surface area) and loosens blocks/layers so that processes such as Abrasion, solution and hydraulic action are more effective.
Extension/challenge:
a. Describe the process of Longshore Drift (a type of transportation).
b. Suggest why sandy beaches commonly (though not always) develop in bays.
PLENARY:
Many beaches on the South Coast of the UK e.g. Dorset are composed of pebbles rather than sand. What does this suggest about the amount of wave energy in that coastal region? Explain your answer.
FURTHER LEARNING:
CW DATE: 9th October 2018
TITLE:
How does Erosion shape the coastal landscape?
ENTRY TASK:
Feedback from South Coast beaches (pebbles) HW set previously... see above.
INTRODUCTION
Having grasped the principles of how the key geomorphological processes operate at the coast, it is time to consider their actual impact in shaping the landscape and creating landforms.
KEY TERMS:
Landscape - A collection of landforms that, together, give a place a particular character. The coast is comprised of vistas created by geomorphological processes which in turn create a range of landforms which together comprise the landscape.
Landform - a naturally formed and recognisable feature of the landscape eg a cliff or a beach formed by the processes of erosion, transport or deposition.
ACTIVITIES:
1. How do cliffs develop? (cliff undermining, wave cut notches, wave cut platforms).
2. How can cliff retreat result in Headlands and Bays? (cliff recession, differential erosion linked to geology).
3. What effect does the shape of the coast have on waves approaching the shore? (wave refraction and changes to the wave orthagonals. High and low energy areas).
PLENARY:
HW:
How are Caves, Arches, Stacks and Stumps formed? (high energy locations... headlands, geological weakness and erosion, weathering and mass movement). Use a birds eye and a cross sectional diagram/sketch to describe.
TITLE:
ENTRY TASK:
B. Review of HW from last lesson.
What coastal landforms can you spot on this photograph?
C. Which ones are the result of erosion?
D. Exam Practice Question:
Continue from here NL: (Postponed as have iCt lesson and can thus use for revision!) Note - see NEW revision guide with links to glossaries and also Kerboodle assignments (14th Oct to 19th)
After Half Term October 2018
INTRODUCTION
Beaches are a landforms of deposition. As such they develop in environments of either low energy or where the energy for transportation has diminished. Bays are sheltered by headlands and are also places where wave energy is dissipated by refraction as the waves approach the shore (this is shown in the diagram below).
KEY TERMS:
Beach - a deposition landform usually comprised of material such as sand or pebbles
Wave Refraction - The bending of a wave crest to mirror the shape of a coast. Caused by differences in onset of friction with the sea bed.
Deposition - dropping of material that was in transit due to a reduction in the energy for transportation.
Low energy environment - environments such as bays where wave energy is reduced by shelter or waver refraction.
ACTIVITIES:
1. Beaches - (Low energy environments in Bays and how wave energy is dissipated to deposit sand.
TITLE:
Review beach formation... where and why?
INTRODUCTION
KEY TERMS:
ACTIVITIES:
Copy the diagram and...
1. Add labels to indicate the swash and backwash phase of waves causing LSD.
2. Add arrows to show the continuance of LSD on the SPIT (f to i).
3. Write an explanation to accompany your illustration of how LSD works and how it contributes to the development of a Spit.
4. Suggest why a Bar might develop in a particular location rather than a Spit.
5. Sand Dunes often are found on well developed Spits due to the plentiful supply of fine sand and large tidal range that reveals a substantial are of beach at low tide (allowing the sand to dry out and become mobile in wind).
Useful link HERE
PLENARY:
HW:
Research web site (S-Cool) - HERE (students make NOTES! as I go through dunes section)... the point/importance of research!
Students then use text book to:
All work on A4 paper.
Book check feedback:
HW not attempted, not following the task, more or less on it HERE
Books:
Hurst Castle Spit HW fb
Task:
NL - Working on Essay (completion day doesn't need to change...?
CW DATE:
TITLE:
ENTRY TASK:
KEY TERMS:
All previous
ACTIVITIES:
How important is Geology in the formation of the coastal landscape around Swanage?
To what extent does Human Activity such as settlement, transport and the economy reflect the physical geography of the area around Swanage?
HW:
Interesting higher level dunes source - HERE
2018/Already done the following (small text and crossed through):Practice examination question.
Compare the characteristics of destructive and constructive waves.
Crests and troughs, wave length/period, wave frequency, wave shape, height, break (spilling/plunging) and relative strength of swash and backwash.
Title:
What processes of weathering and mass movement shape the coast?
Page 94/95
Copy/Make notes:
Weathering and Mass Movement are two of the key sets of processes responsible for shaping the landscape and creating specific landforms. The other processes are Erosion, Transport and Deposition. Each is defined below:
Weathering
The breakdown of rocks through mechanical, chemical or biological means which do not involve significant movement
Erosion
The breakdown of rocks by such things as flowing water, air or ice which involves significant movement.
Transport
Processes which relocate material from one place to another. For this to happen, energy is required... the more energy available the more material that can be moved and the larger the particles can be.
Mass Movement
The downhill movement under the influence of gravity and (usually) water of large amounts of material. Movements vary in speed.
Deposition
As energy for transportation diminishes, material begins to be dropped... largest first.
In this part of the course we are focussing on weathering and mass movement...
Key Vocabulary:
Written Activity 1:
In your exercise book, make a table to summarise the types of weathering processes (Consider drawing your table in landscape orientation)... use the headings "Type of Weathering", "Summary of process", "Best conditions for operation" across the top of the table and list the types of weathering down the left hand side.
CW Date: 29th Sept 2017
Title:
What processes of weathering and mass movement shape the coast?
Page 94/95
Entry Task - HERE Feedback and discussion - summative writing
Any rock that breaks into fragments can be cited as an example of Weathering.
Explanation:
Weathering is simply the process of disintegration or breakdown of larger, more coherent rock bodies into smaller fragments of the same composition.
The different types of weathering will frequently operate in tandem.
Action:
1. Complete table from previous lesson (Type of weathering processes) and then...
2. FREEZE THAW in detail... See text book task
Note: Freeze thaw requires temperatures to fluctuate above and below zero degrees centigrade so that water thaws and freezes. This must be repeated many times to break down a rock.
3. Using the Mass Movement sheets provided (HERE), make a double page spread describing and explaining the four types of mass movement and complete the photo-interpretation activity.
HW
Complete any parts of task 3 above not done in class.
Challenge:
What do you think is happening here?
CW Date: 3rd October 2017
Title:
How do the processes of coastal erosion, transportation and deposition operate?
Page 96/97
Entry Challenge:
What do you think is happening here?
Key Vocabulary:
erosion
solution
corrosion
abrasion
attrition
hydraulic power
cavitation
transportation
suspension
saltation traction
longshore drift
Learning Outcomes:
After working through this spread, most should be able to:
Action:
1. Learning Check:
Link HERE formdoc?
Defining the key terms (Q and A):
Coastal Erosion
pp 96
Study the information on page 96 and then draw your own diagram to describe the five erosion processes affecting the coast.
Link to layout suggestion - Here
Check your understanding (paired discussion):
Imagine a wave crashing onto the bottom of a cliff... describe to your neighbour how it will erode the cliff with reference to three of the processes of erosion. Your partner should then feedback about the way that the remaining two erosion processes contribute...
Transportation Processes.pp96/97
Make a copy of the diagram... see fig B, pp 96.
Explain why different sediments are transported in different ways.
Deposition
pp97
1. What causes deposition to take place.2. What coastal conditions might lead to deposition?
Draw a cartoon strip to show how transportation and deposition take place as energy decreases.
CW Date:
2. What processes are responsible for the landforms at the coast?
3. What factors influence the landforms found at the coast?
4. Draw a cross-sectional diagram to show a cliff, wave-cut-notch and wave-cut-platform
5. Explain, with the aid of a diagram, how geology leads to the formation of headlands and bays.
6. Outline how either an arch or a stack illustrates the erosive power of the sea.
7. Copy the illustration below and label a Beach and a Spit.
Following set on 22nd Nov 2018 on Classroom as HW in preparation for exam question practice on 29th Nov 2018:
Video support:
Sand Dunes - HERE
(How are Sand Dunes formed on a coast? - Labelled diagram and explanation)
Make Note:
NL (10 and 9A) after 28th Jan - What are these measures?
From HW tasks: HERE
Beaches, Spits and Bars are all depositional landforms. Beaches are the result of sediment being deposited in sheltered bays where wave refraction reduces the energy available for transportation.
In contrast, Spits form due to the process of Long Shore Drift. this moves sediments along the shore and when it reaches a point where the coast changes direction (such as a Bay), LSD and deposition continue to build a "finger of sand and shingle" out into the sea to form the Spit. If a Spit is able to grow all the way across a Bay, it forms (by the same processes of LSD and Deposition) what is called a Bar.
CW DATE: Y10 - 31st January 2020
9A2 - 4th February 2020
TITLE:
How are Soft Engineering Approaches Used to Manage the Coast?
ENTRY TASK:
Name the following HE Measures (Costs, Benefits and Disadvantages?)
INTRODUCTION
What types of management can you see... what are the benefits of combining?
KEY TERMS:
ACTIVITIES:
Action:
1. Outline what each soft engineering approach involves and how it is used to protect the coast*. Include an example location for each and an illustration (select appropriately from the source sheet provided).
* As with the Hard Engineering approaches you should include:
Source sheet - HERE
PLENARY:
9B3 all done on 4th Feb 20
HW:
Quiz on SMHW - Dunes and Beaches
Completion 4th February 2020
Application:
10th Nov - review
Study the images below... what do you think is happening and why?
Did with 9B on 4th feb Extra Stuff...
Sand Dune Formation
NOTE: Omission of an obstruction e.g. sea weed etc to initiate dune formation...
Marram Grass
NOTE: Root layers represent level of previous surfaces. As the sand accumulates, Marram extends upward. In the process a dense mat of root material is left behind that is very effective at stabilising the dune...
2. Complete activities 1, 2, 3 and 4 from pp109 of the text.
Using key vocabulary linked to Hard and Soft Engineering strategies, discuss with your neighbour the answer to the exam question below.
(List the vocab. you have included in your discussion)
Title: Managed Retreat (Coastal Realignment)
Key Vocabulary:
Entry Task:
Purpose of the task is to practice progressively detailed observation, interpretation of what you see in the context of your recent geographical learning.
What do you think will/should be done about it?
CW Date: 17th November 2017
Title:
Progress check and review - HERE
5. As you view the following video, note the layout of the scheme and list any further benefits of the scheme referred to.
7. Complete question 3 from pp111 of the text.
and read through the article about managed retreat.
Then answer the following question:
Using the article and your work on Medmerry, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Managed Retreat as a means of coastal management (This should include reference to where it is and is not appropriate as well as named examples)
CW Date: 11th February 2020 (9A)
13th February 2020 (9B)
ACTIVITIES:
1. View Vid: HERE
Try to spot examples or evidence of:
b. Make a sketch map to show the coastal management at Lyme Regis (fig A)
From Here NL - 9A and 9B After half term - This will finish Coasts!
HW set to complete the A3 info sheet.
c. In your exercise book - Complete the activities on pp 113 (1, 2, 3 and 4). Note Q. 3 and 4 are especially important to answer in good detail with adequate substantiation.
For Next Lesson:
PLENARY:
Can you suggest why both Hard and Soft approaches have been adopted at Lyme Regis?
HW:
Application - the action of putting something into operation - In this case, your understanding!
ACTIVITIES:
You are going to BUG and PEEL the question...
BUG the questions and...
PEEL your answer
See support/answer sheet -HERE
Diffd support HERE
CW DATE:
TITLE:
ENTRY TASK:
INTRODUCTION
KEY TERMS:
ACTIVITIES:
PLENARY:
HW:
CW DATE: 13th December 2018
TITLE:
Exam Skills PEER marking and PPP Qs
Support sheet - HERE
ENTRY TASK:
Take out your exam question answer from last lesson - about coastal management at Lyme Regis.
Read the question and your answer.
ACTIVITIES:
1. Swap papers with your partner and, using the guide sheet provided, chack and mark their answer.
Support sheet - HERE
2. Medmerry Follow on Questions - Using you exam skills:
HW:
Feedback - Link to cliff/coastal retreat?
1. Shows the retreating position of the cliffs
Q.
Activity 3
Activity 4
HW
Challenge:
Title:
What are Longshore Drift, Wave Refraction and Deposition?
Page 97
Key Vocabulary:
Learning Outcomes:
After working through this spread, most students should be able to:
Look at the photograph below... can you see the refraction taking place?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CW 10X 19th October 2016
10X Completed, but exam practice q to HI on 3rd Nov
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CW Date:
Title:
CW 10W November 2016
Title:
Sand Dunes - Extra
Page 101
Using the bullet point plan completed for HW,
HW 10W 14th Nov 2016 for NL/HW 10X 17th Nov 2016 for NL
2.
Question:
"Use one distinctive coastal landform to illustrate the erosive power of the sea" (6 marks)
Hand out copy of exemplar (HERE)... complete the questions below...
Use the comments on the Google Doc to support and discuss students findings...
Title:
What is Coastal Management and why is it needed?
Cost v Benefit Analyses
It is important to understand that measures to protect people and property from the potentially negative effects of coastal processes is a political and economic decision as well as an engineering decision. Many would argue that it should also be an environmental decision.
A key element to the decision whether or not to protect the coast relates to the potential cost of damage if it were NOT protected... ie if the potential costs of damage exceed the costs of the measures to be implemented for management, there is a favourable "cost:benefit"value and works are likely to go ahead. If, however, the costs exceed the estimated value of damage, then works are uneconomic and unlikely to proceed.
1. Explain the three coastal management options - Hard engineering, soft engineering and managed retreat.
2. Under what circumstances do you think that managed retreat might be chosen?
From here NL 10W
10X have started the following...
3. Using the text pages 106/107, make your own notes about the different Hard Engineering approaches. Include a labelled and annotated illustration of each.
You may choose to make a table for each and use coloured backing paper.
Title:
Coastal Management Options and Techniques
Aims:
To be able to describe methods of Hard Engineering, Soft Engineering and Managed Retreat in the management of coastal areas.
To be able to explain the purpose of specific options/techniques and decisions made about the approach adopted.
Key Vocab:
Review:
Done with 10X/Not with 10W
What would be the likely consequences of the sea eroding and flooding these areas?
Should they be protected or should the forces of nature be allowed to take their course?
10X and 10W done
1. Using the information on pages 106 and 107,
make your own notes about HARD
ENGINEERING methods of coastal management.
Include:
Activities
Medmerry Managed Retreat: HERE
Gov Policy Doc : HERE
10X On Q 3 Slide 4
Support slide show - HERE
Support slide show - HERE
CW 10W 12th December 2016
10X 14th December 2016
www.dorsetforyou.gov.uk/lyme
Lyme Regis is located on an actively eroding stretch of the West Dorset coast and faces considerable challenges from coastal erosion and landslipping. Problems have been particularly serious during the last 100 years, with many properties destroyed or damaged, erosion of the foreshore and major breaches of the sea walls.
Report on Lyme Regis Coastal Management
HERE
Lyme Regis Locations
Study the text book case study on pages 112 and 113.
Complete the activities in the Blue Box (pp 113)
Complete the evaluative task below... Ignore the marks, this should be a developed and evidenced response that goes beyond what would normally be produced in an examination.
Follow on question:
Explain why a system of managed retreat would not be an appropriate coastal management response at Lyme Regis.
Pompei - Prep for Next Term - HERE
Student pack - HERE
Page 92/93
Key Vocabulary:
- friction
- fetch
- swash
- backwash
- beach
- constructive waves
- destructive waves
- tsunami
Learning Outcomes:
After working through this spread, most
of you should be able to:
• explain the different ways in which
waves are formed
• describe what happens to waves as
they approach the shore
• describe the characteristics of
constructive and destructive waves
Subtitle:
Formation of Waves
Waves can be formed in nature by a
variety of processes... can you think of
any that you have encountered in KS3?
Action:
Copy/make notes on the following:
Waves can be produced by a number of
events/processes. At the coast, however,
waves are mostly the product of WIND
blowing over the surface of the sea.
Friction between the water and the
moving air initiates movement of water
molecules at the surface which
gradually can build up to form ripples,
wavelets and then waves (increasing in
size).
The size of waves is influenced by a
number of factors:
- Wind strength
- How long the wind blows for
- Distance of open ocean over which
Action:
Q for discussion:
What do you think the effects of the
above are?
a. Discuss with your neighbour how
each of the above factors would
increase or decrease wave size.
each of the above factors would
increase or decrease wave size.
b. Now develop your discussion...
Explain... On average, would you
expect waves to be bigger or smaller:
- After a storm?
- On the South Coast of the UK or the
After a brief, but powerful storm or a
less powerful storm that lasted longer?
Subheading:
How do waves change as they approach the coast?
Intro:
The way that waves move varies depending on the depth of water that they are in...
Read the section of pp 92 describing what happens to waves when they approach the coast and enter shallower water.
Feedback
Activities:
Home Learning (Set on th September 2017):
Complete Activity 1 from pp 93 of the textbook.
Tip: Good quality illustration in Geography is important as it makes your communication more effective... ensure that you START activity 1a by sketching a border for your diagram first... if you are unsure of the method of geographical sketching/illustrating, ask your teacher to review it with you (or the class).
CW Date: September 2018
TITLE:
ENTRY TASK:
KEY TERMS:
ACTIVITIES:
PLENARY:
FURTHER LEARNING:
From Here Y10 2018 post cover/1st week.
CW Date: 20th September 2018
TITLE:
Feedback and Review Lesson
"Catch-Up Friday" - Lunchtime in D10 :)
ENTRY TASK:
Read through the packs returned (comments and things to do... take note/action.
TAG INTO YOUR BOOK
INTRODUCTION
This session will address following areas:
Section A - Q6 Why waves change as approach the shore (what actually changes?)
Key points:
- DoT
- Depth of a wave (0.5/L)
- Contact with sea bed - Friction
- Wave base slows, but Crest does not - eliptical cross section.
- Unstable - topples forward (Breaks) to form turbulent flow called SWASH
- Return flow, down beach to sea - Backwash
Section B - Q1 (Energy loss from Swash to Backwash):
Key points:
- Momentum of incoming wave - Swash
- Pause and then return flow - loss of momentum + seepage into beach (reduced amount of water). Flow speed increases down the beach under the influence of gravity.
Generally uprush (swash) velocities are greater but of shorter duration compared to the backwash. Onshore velocities are at greatest at the start of the swash phase and then decrease, whereas offshore velocities increase towards the end of the backwash. The direction of the swash varies with the prevailing wind, whereas the backwash is always perpendicular to the coastline.
2 (Storm beaches and larger pebbles at backshore),
As is evident in the photo above... larger sediment is often found at backshore (ridge is called a "Berm" or a "Storm Beach".
NOTE: Berms may be found lower down beach and are formed by other processes too)
From Here NL (Monday 24th Sep)
3 (frequency and form/motion of destructive and constructive waves)
Frequency - Average number of waves passing a given point in a minute.
Constructive waves - 6 to 9 waves per minute
Destructive waves - 11 to 15 waves per minute
KEY TERMS:
- Wave - Oscillating movement that may be observed in liquids such as sea water. Molecular motion is circular; surface motion is up/down (vertical), but wave appears to travel forward.
Video links - HERE Science (Upto2.35)
- Crest -
- Trough -
- Wave Length/Frequency/Period -
- Wave height -
- Swash -
- Backwash -
- Constructive wave -
- Destructive wave -
- Fetch -
- Weathering -
- Mass Movement -
ACTIVITIES:
1. Complete tides question + Section C (Includes activities from the text pp 95).
2. What factors affect the size (power) of waves?
PLENARY:
FURTHER LEARNING:
CW DATE: 24th September 2018
TITLE:
What are Constructive and Destructive Waves and how do they affect the coast?
ENTRY TASK:
Complete a table to describe three changes affecting waves as they enter shallow water.
INTRODUCTION:
Wave features
When describing waves it is useful to have the correct language. These terms describe parts of waves which, depending on their relative sizes, characterise how waves behave and what work they do...
1. View Video links - HERE Science (Upto2.35)
- HERE GCSE bitesize
2. Study the illustrations in figures D and E on page 93 of the textbook which show the differences between two types of waves. Use these diagrams to answer questions 2 and 3 from the text.
KEY TERMS:
ACTIVITIES:
1. Study the photograph below... destructive or constructive? What evidence are you using to make your choice?
PLENARY:
FURTHER LEARNING:
CW Date: 25th September 2018
TITLE:
Weathering and Mass Movement (continued).
ENTRY TASK:
KEY TERMS:
ACTIVITIES:
Complete the activities 1, 2 and 3 on pp 95 of the text book.
Intervention re. Freeze-thaw weathering + processes of Mass Movement (distinguishing features)... see source sheet HERE
(To answer 1b, students will need to refer to diagram b on pp 94)
PLENARY:
FURTHER LEARNING:
TITLE:
Processes affecting the Coast
ENTRY TASK:
Sequence the following pieces of text (in writing in your exercise book) ... what weathering process to they describe?
- Temperature drops to below zero degrees centigrade
- Water penetrates a crack in rock
- Water freezes
- Temperatures rise above zero degrees centigrade melting ice
- After many repetitions, fragments of rock are broken away
- Rock debris accumulates below cliff forming scree
- As ice forms, it expands exerting pressure on the sides of the crack
KEY TERMS:
Weathering - Define (previous lesson)
Mass Movement - Define (previous lesson)
Erosion - The breakdown of rock involving significant movement e.g. flowing water
Transport - The movement and relocation of material by various media including water.
Deposition - The dropping of material that was previously being transported due to a reduction in flow energy of the carrying medium eg slowing water flow
ACTIVITIES:
1. Weathering processes are divided into three types: Mechanical, Chemical and Biological. Describe the nature of each and their key differences.
2. What is the distinguishing characteristic of a Rockfall?
3. What is the difference between the material in slopes likely to experience a Landslide and a Rotational Slip?
From here next session... Tuesday wk 1 2nd Oct
4. What specific features would you look for to identify whether a mass movement was a Mudflow?
5. Using pp 96/7 of the textbook, describe the processes of Erosion (five sub-processes), Transportation (four sub-processes) and Deposition
You are advised to use diagrams to assist you. You will need to design your own in the case of Erosion and Deposition as those in the text do not suit your purpose!
Continuing work...
CW Date: 4th October 2018
TITLE:
Processes affecting the Coast
6. Complete the learning check sheets - HERE
NL complete the remaining learning check sheets
Putting it all together:
Most processes do not work in isolation from each other... weathering, for example can weaken rocks and make them more susceptible to erosional processes. Weathering can also play a role in mass movement... again by weakening the structure of rock layers so that they more easily move relative to each other.
The joints and bedding planes in this cliff have most likely been weathered by the ingress of water. Weakening the contact between layers or the rocks either side of a fault have then allowed the whole mass of rock to collapse. It is possible that Chemical Weathering has been at work and/or freeze thaw.
Erosion is also aided by the effects of weathering on rock as it weakens, creates irregularities on the surface (increasing the surface area) and loosens blocks/layers so that processes such as Abrasion, solution and hydraulic action are more effective.
Extension/challenge:
a. Describe the process of Longshore Drift (a type of transportation).
b. Suggest why sandy beaches commonly (though not always) develop in bays.
PLENARY:
Many beaches on the South Coast of the UK e.g. Dorset are composed of pebbles rather than sand. What does this suggest about the amount of wave energy in that coastal region? Explain your answer.
FURTHER LEARNING:
Research - Why are S Coast beaches pebbles and not sand (mainly)? Consider origin of material and energy of coastline (South Dorset coast?)
TITLE:
How does Erosion shape the coastal landscape?
ENTRY TASK:
Feedback from South Coast beaches (pebbles) HW set previously... see above.
INTRODUCTION
Having grasped the principles of how the key geomorphological processes operate at the coast, it is time to consider their actual impact in shaping the landscape and creating landforms.
KEY TERMS:
Landscape - A collection of landforms that, together, give a place a particular character. The coast is comprised of vistas created by geomorphological processes which in turn create a range of landforms which together comprise the landscape.
Landform - a naturally formed and recognisable feature of the landscape eg a cliff or a beach formed by the processes of erosion, transport or deposition.
ACTIVITIES:
1. How do cliffs develop? (cliff undermining, wave cut notches, wave cut platforms).
2. How can cliff retreat result in Headlands and Bays? (cliff recession, differential erosion linked to geology).
3. What effect does the shape of the coast have on waves approaching the shore? (wave refraction and changes to the wave orthagonals. High and low energy areas).
PLENARY:
HW:
How are Caves, Arches, Stacks and Stumps formed? (high energy locations... headlands, geological weakness and erosion, weathering and mass movement). Use a birds eye and a cross sectional diagram/sketch to describe.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CW DATE: 11th October 2018
TITLE:
What are the landforms of Transport and Deposition?
ENTRY TASK:
A. What is the difference between landform and landscape?
B. Review of HW from last lesson.
See HERE for PO
What coastal landforms can you spot on this photograph?
C. Which ones are the result of erosion?
D. Exam Practice Question:
Explain the formation of a STACK (6 marks)
DOC HERE
After Half Term October 2018
INTRODUCTION
KEY TERMS:
ACTIVITIES:
1. Beaches - (Low energy environments in Bays and how wave energy is dissipated to deposit sand.
Beaches of higher energy environments - pebbles)
CW DATE: 1st November 2018
TITLE:
Long Shore Drift, Spits and bars (Depositional processes and landforms continued)
ENTRY TASK:
ENTRY TASK:
Review beach formation... where and why?
INTRODUCTION
Features such as Spits and Bars (diagram below) are the product of deposition and the movement of sediment along the shore by the process of Long Shore Drift (LSD). They are typically initiated at places where the shore is irregular (changes direction/orientation)
KEY TERMS:
Longshore Drift -
Spit -
Bar -
ACTIVITIES:
Longshore Drift
Copy the diagram and...
(Alternatively... see support sheet HERE)
1. Add labels to indicate the swash and backwash phase of waves causing LSD.
2. Add arrows to show the continuance of LSD on the SPIT (f to i).
3. Write an explanation to accompany your illustration of how LSD works and how it contributes to the development of a Spit.
4. Suggest why a Bar might develop in a particular location rather than a Spit.
5. Sand Dunes often are found on well developed Spits due to the plentiful supply of fine sand and large tidal range that reveals a substantial are of beach at low tide (allowing the sand to dry out and become mobile in wind).
Using the text book and wider research, explain the formation of sand dunes.
Useful link HERE
PLENARY:
- What is the difference between a Spit and a Bar?
- What are the key conditions necessary for the formation of Spits and Bars.
- What type of sediment transportation can lead to the development of sand dunes.
- Why does the development of sand dunes usually require a large area of beach to be exposed at low tide?
HW:
Investigate and then describe the character of the area that has developed on the landward side of Hurst Castle Spit.
Suggest why this area has developed these characteristics.
PLENARY:
HW:
CW Date:
6th November 2018
What are sand dunes and why do they form on some beaches. How do the characteristics of dunes change as one moves toward the landward side of a dune field?
What are sand dunes and why do they form on some beaches. How do the characteristics of dunes change as one moves toward the landward side of a dune field?
20 marks
Research web site (S-Cool) - HERE (students make NOTES! as I go through dunes section)... the point/importance of research!
Students then use text book to:
a. Plan and then
b. Draft essay
All work on A4 paper.
Book check feedback:
HW not attempted, not following the task, more or less on it HERE
Books:
- Make sure that the three key terms from 11/1/18 have now been defined.
- Complete Q 2 and 3 if not already done from the Spits and Bars sheet of 1/11/18
- Some: need to review and complete the differences between constructive and destructive waves... as a table:
Feature
- Size (Bigger/smaller)
- Shape (Steeper/Gentler front)
- Type of Break (Spilling/Plunging)
- Frequency (waves per minute - 9 to 11 or 11 to 15wpm)
- Power of swash and backwash - (Strong Swash or strong backwash)
- Origins - (Storms close to shore)
Are there any exam fb/review requests?
Hurst Castle Spit HW fb
Task:
Investigate and then describe the character of the area that has developed on the landward side of Hurst Castle Spit.
Questions to complete (skills and use of resources...)
NL - Working on Essay (completion day doesn't need to change...?
CW DATE:
12th November 2018
TITLE:
Case Study: Coastal Landforms at Swanage, S. Dorset
ENTRY TASK:
Where is Swanage?
Swanage is a seaside town in the county of Dorset on the South Coast of England. It has grown up in a sheltered bay with a sandy beach making it a popular UK holiday destination.
The coast around Swanage possesses many excellent examples of coastal landforms of erosion and deposition. Geology is important in the formation of the landscapes in this area as there are a variety of rock types of varying resistance to erosion, areas of significant deformation by tectonic forces and the orientation of the rocks varies between the coast to the south of Swanage and that to the East causing to quite contrasting physical domains.
KEY TERMS:
All previous ACTIVITIES:
Using the photocopies provided and pages 102 and 103 in the text, complete the tasks on page 103, 104 and 105.
All your work is to be done on paper for this case study area.
All your work is to be done on paper for this case study area.
- Name, date and TG
- Approach like an Assessment -(Quality!)
PLENARY:
To what extent does Human Activity such as settlement, transport and the economy reflect the physical geography of the area around Swanage?
HW:
Complete your Sand Dunes Essay (due in on Thursday)
Interesting higher level dunes source - HERE
2018/Already done the following (small text and crossed through):
- Command word is "Compare", so there must be a comparison and not two separate accounts.
- "Compare" requires the use of both similarities and differences.
- Refer to key wave features:
- mechanical weathering
- chemical weathering
- biological weathering
- salt weathering
- carbonation
- freeze-thaw
- mass movement
- sliding
- rockfall
- landslide
- mudflow
- rotational slip
- scree
In your exercise book, make a table to summarise the types of weathering processes (Consider drawing your table in landscape orientation)... use the headings "Type of Weathering", "Summary of process", "Best conditions for operation" across the top of the table and list the types of weathering down the left hand side.
CW Date: 29th Sept 2017
Entry Task - HERE Feedback and discussion - summative writing
Any rock that breaks into fragments can be cited as an example of Weathering.
Explanation:
Weathering is simply the process of disintegration or breakdown of larger, more coherent rock bodies into smaller fragments of the same composition.
The different types of weathering will frequently operate in tandem.
Action:
2. FREEZE THAW in detail... See text book task
Note: Freeze thaw requires temperatures to fluctuate above and below zero degrees centigrade so that water thaws and freezes. This must be repeated many times to break down a rock.
3. Using the Mass Movement sheets provided (HERE), make a double page spread describing and explaining the four types of mass movement and complete the photo-interpretation activity.
HW
Challenge:
What do you think is happening here?
Title:
Entry Challenge:
What do you think is happening here?
Learning Outcomes:
describe the different types of coastal erosiondescribe the different ways by which sediment is transporteddescribe the process of longshore drift
ErosionTransportDeposition
Study the information on page 96 and then draw your own diagram to describe the five erosion processes affecting the coast.
Transportation Processes.
Make a copy of the diagram... see fig B, pp 96.
Explain why different sediments are transported in different ways.
Deposition
pp97
1. What causes deposition to take place.
CW Date:
Entry Task:
Review:
1. How does a landform differ from a landscape?2. What processes are responsible for the landforms at the coast?
3. What factors influence the landforms found at the coast?
4. Draw a cross-sectional diagram to show a cliff, wave-cut-notch and wave-cut-platform
5. Explain, with the aid of a diagram, how geology leads to the formation of headlands and bays.
6. Outline how either an arch or a stack illustrates the erosive power of the sea.
7. Copy the illustration below and label a Beach and a Spit.
8. Suggest how the landscape in the diagram above might develop to form a Bar.
9. Suggest how and why Sand Dunes change colour inland from the beach.
Following set on 22nd Nov 2018 on Classroom as HW in preparation for exam question practice on 29th Nov 2018:
Video support:
Sand Dunes - HERE
(How are Sand Dunes formed on a coast? - Labelled diagram and explanation)
26th November 2018:
Map and Photo Interpretation Skills: See Green Folder for paper resources and questions below:
Additional questions:
1. Name the village located mainly at GR 69 39 - Bolberry
2. What is the feature located at 684 421 - a marsh
3. Give an accurate GR for the campsite located NW of Bolberry - 688 395
4. What is the height above sea level of the headland above Warren Point? - 25m
5. What is the distance from car park at 699 384 to the Hotel between Inner and Outer Hope (by coast path)? - 3,700m or 3.7km
6. Name and describe the beach at 674 398 - The beach is called Hope Cove (small bay). Ii is between 200 and 300 metres long from N-S and about 100m wide (E-W). The beach is sandy with rocks at the cliff edge. A stream enters the beach to the SE.
7. Explain why the beach has formed in this location... The cove is sheltered from waves approaching from both N and S and so is a low energy environment where sediment being transported will be deposited. The cove also causes wave refraction as the enter. This further dissipates the energy available for transportation and envcourages the deposition of fine sediments such as sand.
29th November 2018 - PPQ Practice exam question (See green folder) and - HERE
Due for 6th December - HW on Classroom - Human activity along the Swanage coast area:
Source and PPQ sheet HERE
CW Date: Y10: 28th January 2020
9B3: 30th January 2020
Title:
Map and Photo Interpretation Skills: See Green Folder for paper resources and questions below:
Additional questions:
1. Name the village located mainly at GR 69 39 - Bolberry
2. What is the feature located at 684 421 - a marsh
3. Give an accurate GR for the campsite located NW of Bolberry - 688 395
4. What is the height above sea level of the headland above Warren Point? - 25m
5. What is the distance from car park at 699 384 to the Hotel between Inner and Outer Hope (by coast path)? - 3,700m or 3.7km
6. Name and describe the beach at 674 398 - The beach is called Hope Cove (small bay). Ii is between 200 and 300 metres long from N-S and about 100m wide (E-W). The beach is sandy with rocks at the cliff edge. A stream enters the beach to the SE.
7. Explain why the beach has formed in this location... The cove is sheltered from waves approaching from both N and S and so is a low energy environment where sediment being transported will be deposited. The cove also causes wave refraction as the enter. This further dissipates the energy available for transportation and envcourages the deposition of fine sediments such as sand.
29th November 2018 - PPQ Practice exam question (See green folder) and - HERE
Due for 6th December - HW on Classroom - Human activity along the Swanage coast area:
Source and PPQ sheet HERE
CW Date: Y10: 28th January 2020
9B3: 30th January 2020
Title:
Managing Coasts
Entry Task:
Look at the image below... what would be the consequences of erosion at this location?
Look at the image below... what would be the consequences of erosion at this location?
Summarise:
Q.
Copy:
Sea levels are rising due to thermal expansion and melting of land-based ice. Global warming is causing the oceans to absorb a lot of extra heat (up to 90%). This makes the volume of water expand, and sea levels rise. The Greenland and Antarctic ice caps, and many of the world’s glaciers, are all slowly melting. The runoff feeds into rivers and directly into the oceans. This too adds to sea levels.
Ref for anyone interested in projected sea level rise: HERE
Many coastal areas are inhabited by people and used in a variety of ways that contribute to society, the economy and culture. Management involves understanding how a system works and attempting to make sure that there is a balance between the forces of nature and the needs of people. For example, people living at the coast need to be protected from the effects of erosion, and flooding.
Q.
With climate change, sea levels are expected to rise into the future. How will this affect people at the coast?
Copy:
Rising sea levels will increase the costs of coastal defenses. For some places and populations, the costs will begin to outweigh the benefits leading to decisions NOT to defend and instead leave some coasts undefended.
Sea levels are rising due to thermal expansion and melting of land-based ice. Global warming is causing the oceans to absorb a lot of extra heat (up to 90%). This makes the volume of water expand, and sea levels rise. The Greenland and Antarctic ice caps, and many of the world’s glaciers, are all slowly melting. The runoff feeds into rivers and directly into the oceans. This too adds to sea levels.
Rising sea levels are widely considered to be the greatest threat posed by climate change. They threaten low-lying countries with inundation, forcing inhabitants to migrate. Coastal cities and ports could be flooded, as could cities sited near tidal estuaries, like London. Many nuclear installations are built by the sea so they can use sea water for cooling.
The potential for sea level rise is enormous. This is because the ice caps - Greenland and Antarctic - contain huge amounts of fresh water - around 70% of all the freshwater on Earth. Estimates suggest that if the Greenland ice sheet was to melt away to nothing, sea levels would rise around 6 metres. To put that a different way, a loss of just one per cent of the Greenland ice cap would result in a sea level rise of 6cm.
If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) were to melt, this would add around 6 metres to sea levels. If the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) were to melt as well, seas would rise by around 70 metres.
In a process that is accelerating, all three ice caps are losing mass. While nobody is suggesting any of the ice caps will melt away to nothing, only a small amount of melting would cause great problems.
A 1% loss of ice from these three sources would produce a likely increase in sea levels of around 76cm. With the thermal expansion implied by such melting, and contributions from melting glaciers, the oceans would actually rise far more.
Ref for anyone interested in projected sea level rise: HERE
Three management strategies currently exist for coastal management:
1. Hard engineering approaches
2. Soft Engineering approaches
3. Managed retreat.
1. Hard engineering approaches
2. Soft Engineering approaches
3. Managed retreat.
Action:
1. Explain what is meant by each of the three strategies above. Add your own comment to suggest the relative pros and cons of the approaches (pp106).
2. Using simple sketches, describe the four types of hard engineering approaches shown in the text (pp106/107). Add notes about their costs, advantages and disadvantages.
9B have copied diags, but need to add info about costs, pros/cons NL (3rd Feb 20)
3. Sometimes some hard engineering approaches are used together. Why do you think this is and what pair of approaches do you think is most likely to be effective in protecting the coast?
When the above are finished, complete the activities on pp 107 (For Home Learning if no time in class)
1. Explain what is meant by each of the three strategies above. Add your own comment to suggest the relative pros and cons of the approaches (pp106).
2. Using simple sketches, describe the four types of hard engineering approaches shown in the text (pp106/107). Add notes about their costs, advantages and disadvantages.
9B have copied diags, but need to add info about costs, pros/cons NL (3rd Feb 20)
3. Sometimes some hard engineering approaches are used together. Why do you think this is and what pair of approaches do you think is most likely to be effective in protecting the coast?
When the above are finished, complete the activities on pp 107 (For Home Learning if no time in class)
NL (10 and 9A) after 28th Jan - What are these measures?
From HW tasks: HERE
Beaches, Spits and Bars are all depositional landforms. Beaches are the result of sediment being deposited in sheltered bays where wave refraction reduces the energy available for transportation.
In contrast, Spits form due to the process of Long Shore Drift. this moves sediments along the shore and when it reaches a point where the coast changes direction (such as a Bay), LSD and deposition continue to build a "finger of sand and shingle" out into the sea to form the Spit. If a Spit is able to grow all the way across a Bay, it forms (by the same processes of LSD and Deposition) what is called a Bar.
CW DATE: Y10 - 31st January 2020
9A2 - 4th February 2020
TITLE:
How are Soft Engineering Approaches Used to Manage the Coast?
ENTRY TASK:
Name the following HE Measures (Costs, Benefits and Disadvantages?)
INTRODUCTION
What types of management can you see... what are the benefits of combining?
KEY TERMS:
- Soft Engineering - Environmental management approaches that work with nature and which are less obtrusive and do not employ large amounts of construction.
- Beach Nourishment - "feeding" a beach with sediment to build up or widen it.
- Dune Regeneration - Processes that allow sand dunes to recover from erosion.
- Dune Fencing - Construction of fences on the seaward side of dunes to encourage the establishment of new dunes.
Action:
1. Outline what each soft engineering approach involves and how it is used to protect the coast*. Include an example location for each and an illustration (select appropriately from the source sheet provided).
* As with the Hard Engineering approaches you should include:
- Processes that are being managed i.e. what the goals are and how it works.
- Advantages
- Disadvantages
- Costs
Source sheet - HERE
PLENARY:
9B3 all done on 4th Feb 20
HW:
Quiz on SMHW - Dunes and Beaches
Completion 4th February 2020
Entry Task:
Skills Pod - 10.7 (Kerboodle) - Actually set to complete for HL as iCt down today (Printed and H.O.)
Application:
OS Maps Worksheet (Coasts) 10.7
Study the images below... what do you think is happening and why?
Did with 9B on 4th feb Extra Stuff...
Sand Dune Formation
NOTE: Omission of an obstruction e.g. sea weed etc to initiate dune formation...
Marram Grass
NOTE: Root layers represent level of previous surfaces. As the sand accumulates, Marram extends upward. In the process a dense mat of root material is left behind that is very effective at stabilising the dune...
2. Complete activities 1, 2, 3 and 4 from pp109 of the text.
Using key vocabulary linked to Hard and Soft Engineering strategies, discuss with your neighbour the answer to the exam question below.
(List the vocab. you have included in your discussion)
As a four mark question this is likely to be level marked. Aim to include at least two differences (for two marks) and elaborate on each for a further two marks...
Skills Pod Feedback Nov 2017 - HERE
CW Date: 5th February 2020 (9A)
6th February 2020 (9B)
11th February 2020 (10)
See Slide Pres and Stud H.O.
6th February 2020 (9B)
11th February 2020 (10)
See Slide Pres and Stud H.O.
Title: Managed Retreat (Coastal Realignment)
Key Vocabulary:
- Managed Retreat
- Cost/benefit analysis
- Sustainable
- Realignment
Entry Task:
Study the image below... what is happening and why?
What do you think will/should be done about it?
Action:
1. Bullet point FOUR key points from the narrative below -
SKILL - Reading for meaning.
eg
- Policy that allows the sea to flood or erode low value land
- It is actually a type of SOFT ENGINEERING (works with nature)
- It is a SUSTAINABLE approach
- Likely to become more common due to Sea Level rise
Go to Slide Pres and Stud Pack - HERE
2. Share your four points with your neighbour... Have you chosen the same ones or different? Why do you think this is?
3. Using your discussion (and the source above) write a definition of Managed Retreat IN YOUR OWN WORDS.
Feedback and comments.
- Why is Managed Retreat likely to be more commonly used in the foreseeable future?
- What makes it sustainable?
The best way to gain a full appreciation of what Managed Retreat involves and its potential as a sustainable means of coastal management, is to look at a real example (a case study)...
Turn to page 110 in the text book...
4.
a. Stick your copy of the case study source into your book (a full page is recommended) and then, b. Around or onto the image, highlight, label/add an arrow with text as appropriate to complete the following actions:
(SKILL - Here you are practicing source interpretation and annotation)
a. In the text, highlight the main LAND USES in the area.
b. In the text, highlight the COASTAL MANAGEMENT strategies previously employed.
c. On the photo, mark the position of the ORIGINAL SEA WALL
d. Add a note to explain what the PURPOSE of sea walls are.
d. On the photo, mark the position of the NEW SEA DEFENSES.
e. On the photo, arrow/label where the SALT MARSH will develop.
f. In the text, highlight FOUR BENEFITS the scheme referred to in the source.
To view fully NL - Review Previous activities first...
See feedback from map work... below
See feedback from map work... below
CW Date: 17th November 2017
Title:
Managed Retreat (continued)
Key Vocabulary:
- Managed Retreat
- Cost/benefit analysis
- Sustainable
- Realignment
Progress check and review - HERE
5. As you view the following video, note the layout of the scheme and list any further benefits of the scheme referred to.
Medmerry Coastal Realignment Scheme Audio/Vis Source- HERE
7. Complete question 3 from pp111 of the text.
Exit Questions:
- Why is Coastal Realignment being used at Medmerry?
- What evidence is there that it has been done in a considerate way?
- Give an example of how it is a sustainable scheme.
and read through the article about managed retreat.
Then answer the following question:
Using the article and your work on Medmerry, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Managed Retreat as a means of coastal management (This should include reference to where it is and is not appropriate as well as named examples)
(9 marks + 3SPaG)
CW Date: 11th February 2020 (9A)
13th February 2020 (9B)
TITLE:
Case study Coastal Management - Lyme Regis
Source - HERE
View Vid: HERE
Layout A3 sheet HERE
ENTRY TASK:
Schema HERE
Case study Coastal Management - Lyme Regis
Source - HERE
View Vid: HERE
Layout A3 sheet HERE
ENTRY TASK:
Schema HERE
Key Terms:
Coastal Management - Plans and actions to control coastal processes to ensure that people are not negatively affected by coastal change.
Foreshore - Part of the shore between high and low water marks
Landslip - Form of mass movement
Conflict - situation in which contradictory views or needs exist.
Lyme Regis - Town in South Dorset
INTRODUCTION
Coastal management at Medmerry has
adopted the "Managed Retreat" approach... what is another term for Managed Retreat?
Why has this approach been chosen?
Would you say that it is sustainable? Why?
In other places, coastal management adopts a different approach combining both hard and soft approaches... why do you think this might be?
ACTIVITIES:
1. View Vid: HERE
- Coastal Landforms
- Processes
- Human Activity
- Hard and Soft Management
2. Complete the sheet provided - HERE
3. Using the text page 112 to 113:
Layout A3 sheet HERE
a. Make brief notes about the issues facing Lyme Regis and sumarise the actions being taken in response to those issues.
b. Make a sketch map to show the coastal management at Lyme Regis (fig A)
HW set to complete the A3 info sheet.
c. In your exercise book - Complete the activities on pp 113 (1, 2, 3 and 4). Note Q. 3 and 4 are especially important to answer in good detail with adequate substantiation.
For Next Lesson:
You will be answering the Practice Question (pp 113)... DNO to process the Q/Approach
PLENARY:
Can you suggest why both Hard and Soft approaches have been adopted at Lyme Regis?
HW:
Ensure that you have completed the tasks 3a, b and c from above as you will need this information and understanding for next lesson.
CW DATE:
11th December 2018
TITLE:
Coastal Management - Case Study application (Lyme Regis and Medmerry)
See support sheet - HERE
ENTRY TASK:
See support sheet - HERE
Diffd support HERE
ENTRY TASK:
Turn and Talk
INTRODUCTION
- What do we mean by BUG and PEEL?
- Why does it help when answering exam questions?
INTRODUCTION
What is the main difference between the schemes of coastal management at Medmerry and at Lyme Regis?
Why do they differ?
KEY TERMS:
Why do they differ?
KEY TERMS:
ACTIVITIES:
1. Practice Question (pp 113)...
You are going to BUG and PEEL the question...
BUG the questions and...
PEEL your answerSee support/answer sheet -HERE
Diffd support HERE
CW DATE:
TITLE:
ENTRY TASK:
INTRODUCTION
KEY TERMS:
ACTIVITIES:
PLENARY:
HW:
CW DATE: 13th December 2018
TITLE:
Exam Skills PEER marking and PPP Qs
Support sheet - HERE
ENTRY TASK:
Take out your exam question answer from last lesson - about coastal management at Lyme Regis.
Read the question and your answer.
ACTIVITIES:
1. Swap papers with your partner and, using the guide sheet provided, chack and mark their answer.
Support sheet - HERE
2. Medmerry Follow on Questions - Using you exam skills:
a. Using your knowledge of the Medmerry coastal realignment scheme:
i.
Suggest why Coastal Realignment being used at Medmerry?
Suggest why Coastal Realignment being used at Medmerry?
2 Marks
ii. Outline evidence that the managed retreat at Medmerry has been done in a considerate way to minimise conflict?
4 Marks
iii. Explain one way that Medmerry is an example of a sustainable coastal management scheme.
6 Marks
PLENARY:
Which part of your exam skills do you think is the most important? Why?
HW:
Swanage Skills Pod work (HERE) review and GPOP: Sheet HERE
A significant proportion of the class have not completed this assignment and those who did, need to markedly improve their outcome.
The following has been set on g'classroom... read, absorb and action!
I will issue detentions to those of you who do not attempt or who make poor effort!
The work set on g'classroom is different to the GPOP activity assigned... however, the latter is a useful intervention to improve key aspects of the work such as linking human and physical features and identifying causal links...
A significant proportion of the class have not completed this assignment and those who did, need to markedly improve their outcome.
The following has been set on g'classroom... read, absorb and action!
I will issue detentions to those of you who do not attempt or who make poor effort!
The work set on g'classroom is different to the GPOP activity assigned... however, the latter is a useful intervention to improve key aspects of the work such as linking human and physical features and identifying causal links...
The Question:
Use evidence from the OS map of the Swanage coast to suggest how the area’s human use has been affected by its physical geography.
[4 marks]
Lyme Regis Coastal Management Case Study - Independent Work...
Activities
Feedback - Link to cliff/coastal retreat?
Ref. Animation - slide 20 of GCSE Boardworks.
1. Shows the retreating position of the cliffs
2. Shows the Sea Level (Low Tide)
3. Shows material that has collapsed due to undercutting.
4. Shows a Wave Cut Notch. A WCN is an erosional feature of coastal cliffs.
5. Shows the present position of the cliff.
Q.
Where on this diagram is the Wave Cut Platform?
How do you explain the shape of the coastline below with reference to cliff retreat (above)?
Challenge Task:
You have been give a copy of the map of this piece of coastline... using the diagram left and the information about cliff retreat, explain the formation of Swanage Bay and the headlands either side.
Activity 3
Discuss and then write... what other factors are likely to affect the rate of erosion experienced by a cliff?
Activity 4
Describe and explain the different ways that material is carried by waves (Transportation Processes).
HW
Investigate and draw a diagram to show the operation of Longshore Drift.
Challenge:
What coastal features result from the action of Longshore Drift?
CW 10X 13th October 2016
NL - Wave Refraction and Beach formation... Landforms
Title:
Review and Examination Practice Questions?
Page
Key Vocabulary:
10X 17th Oct
Return Weathering test (Red Folder)
Title:
Review and Examination Practice Questions?
Page
Key Vocabulary:
10X 17th Oct
Return Weathering test (Red Folder)
Review the Cover Work.
Erosion and Transportation processes.
LSD - define and illustrate (PPQ - HERE)
then onto...
10W done to here (Do Weathering test)
Beach Formation (Wave Refraction) - See Below
See fb fr Karen - email 7th Oct (Title - cover)
HW:
Investigate - How do destructive and constructive waves shape the cross profile of beaches?
Christchurch Bay Erosion Case Study Link - HERE
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HW:
Investigate - How do destructive and constructive waves shape the cross profile of beaches?
Christchurch Bay Erosion Case Study Link - HERE
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Title:
What are Longshore Drift, Wave Refraction and Deposition?
Page 97
Key Vocabulary:
- friction
- fetch
- swash
- backwash
- beach
- constructive waves
- destructive waves
- tsunami
Learning Outcomes:
- describe the different types of coastal erosion
- describe the different ways by which sediment is transported
- describe the process of longshore drift
- describe the process of coastal deposition, and the formation of beaches, mudflats and saltmarshes
Wave refraction (Surf Lab) - HERE
Useful discussion of wave refraction + photo-images and animations. Includes reference to concentration of energy which can link to dissipation of energy related to deposition in bays.
The blue line on this diagram show the wave crests as they approach a shore line. The way in which they bend and tend to conform to the shape of the coast is called REFRACTION.
10W viewed the surf lab video 14th Oct
Look at the photograph below... can you see the refraction taking place?
How does this process affect the amount of wave energy reaching the shore?
What factors affect the processes operating along a stretch of coastline? (6 marks). HERE
- When you have complete the question... go through it carefully and highlight the key vocabulary used.
- Have you missed any opportunities to use key terms? Add them in green pen.
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Title -
What are the key erosional landforms at the coast?
Page 98
Key Vocabulary:
Learning Outcomes:
Key Vocabulary:
|
|
Learning Outcomes:
- understand what a landform is, and the processes that form them
- explain how rock type and geological structure influence coastal landforms
- describe the landforms found at the coast, and explain how they are formed
Review activity:
Using the key vocabulary below, explain the effect that wave refraction has on the energy of waves at different types of location along the coast eg headlands and bays.
Main Activities (Notes):
1. What is a land form? (10X/W - done)
2. Cliffs and wave cut platforms (10X/W done)
3. Headlands and Bays (10W) - Next Lesson Friday 4th Nov
4. Caves, Arches, Stacks and Stumps.
10X Completed, but exam practice q to HI on 3rd Nov
Exam Question... Factors affecting the processes operating at the coast.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Title:
What are the coastal features resulting from the process of Deposition ?
Page - 100
Key Vocabulary:
- deposition
- transportation
- wave refraction
- suspension
- saltation
- traction
- longshore drift
- mudflats
- saltmarshes
- Beaches
- Spits
- Bars
- Dunes
Learning Outcomes:
By the end of this section you should be able to describe the process of coastal deposition, and the formation of beaches, mudflats and saltmarshes.
Beaches
Beaches are accumulations of sediment found in sheltered parts of the coast e.g. bays. They may be made of sand or shingle (pebbles) that have been transported from along the coast, from off-shore and by streams and rivers from inland.
Sediment accumulates where the energy available for transportation is reduced. In such circumstances, larger material will tend to be dropped (deposited first). However, once forming a beach, sediments will continue to be affected by attrition (a type of erosion) as waves wash in and out.
On the right is a photograph of Studland Beach. Notice that it is sandy and situated in an area sheltered from the prevailing South Westerly winds (see map below)
Where environments are less sheltered, beaches may be made of larger material (shingle) which accumulates while finer (sand-size) material is transported away. The shingle forming such beaches may be derived from the cliffs along the shore or from deposits of gravel off-shore that were originally deposited by glaciation and changes in sea level.
Q.
If a beach is subject to long shore drift, how could the shingle help you to identify the net direction of transport?
Sand Dunes
If there is a large enough supply of fine sand, wide/long beaches and strong winds, sand may be blown and accumulate to form Sand Dunes... hills of sand with a distinctive form that is dependent on the direction and variability of the wind. At Studland, the sand dunes have formed at the back of the beach, but they also form at the end of Spits (See later notes).
Sand dunes follow a generalised sequence of development. This is illustrated on page 100 of the core text.
Activity:
- Make a copy of the cross section of a beach with sand dunes (figure B).
- Use the diagram (Figure C) to help you to add annotations to the cross section that describe and explain the features of sand dunes.
Spits
The illustration below partly explains the formation of a Spit.
Activity (refer to page 101 of the core text):
1. Explain what a spit is... use geographically rich language (highlight the terms you have used to do this).
2. Using the copy of the illustration provided (HERE), complete the missing annotations (refer to Figure E in the core text).
3. Explain why a Saltmarsh forms in the lee* of many spits.
4. What do you think a saltmarsh would be like?
*Lee side = the side sheltered from the wind.
Bars
Complete task 3 on page 101 of the core text.
NB - Collect PPP question from 10X
NL - Hurst Castle Spit Review activity/exam and skills practice Draft HERE
Sand Dunes - Extra
Key Vocabulary:
Succession
Habitat
Succession
Habitat
Learning Outcomes:
To be able to describe the changing habitat associated with the development and aging of a sand dune ecosystem.
Resources:
iPads or Pcs required
Activity:
Go to the GCSE Blog - geogblogdno.blogspot.co.uk
and access the following web sites. Use the information to help you to answer the questions in the "Stretch Yourself" Box below (from pp 101 of the core text):
and access the following web sites. Use the information to help you to answer the questions in the "Stretch Yourself" Box below (from pp 101 of the core text):
1. Field Studies Council - Background Info on Sand Dunes and Succession - HERE
2. Coastal Sand Dunes and Succession - HERE
CW 10W 14th November 2016
10X 17th November 2016
Using the bullet point plan completed for HW,
answer the PPP question.
Copy the First two paragraphs on pp 103. Stick
the map source below the notes.
Class/Home Work - Case Study
Coastal Landforms around Swanage
Page 102 to 105 of Kerboodle Book
Key Vocabulary:
See previous and the Glossary sheet - HERE
Learning Outcomes:
To be able to describe and explain the coastal landforms present around the Swanage Bay area of South Dorset.
Activities:
HW 10W 14th Nov 2016 for NL/HW 10X 17th Nov 2016 for NL
1.
Complete the questions on pp103 (Use the Resources
Document to obtain illustrations to accompany your
answers.
CW 10W/HW 10X (10W concordant and discordant coasts)
2.
Complete the tasks on pp 104... again using
illustrations from the source sheet.
3.
Complete the tasks from pp 105 (Use the map from
the resource sheet to help you)
Concordant Coastline
Discordant Coastline
CW 10W 24th November 2016
10X 23rd November 2016
Review activity re. Examination Practice
Question:
"Use one distinctive coastal landform to illustrate the erosive power of the sea" (6 marks)
Hand out copy of exemplar (HERE)... complete the questions below...
Use the comments on the Google Doc to support and discuss students findings...
Coastal Management
Paraphrase the first paragraph on pp 106
Paraphrase the first paragraph on pp 106
CW 10W th November 2016
10X 24th November 2016
Title:
What is Coastal Management and why is it needed?
Cost v Benefit Analyses
It is important to understand that measures to protect people and property from the potentially negative effects of coastal processes is a political and economic decision as well as an engineering decision. Many would argue that it should also be an environmental decision.
A key element to the decision whether or not to protect the coast relates to the potential cost of damage if it were NOT protected... ie if the potential costs of damage exceed the costs of the measures to be implemented for management, there is a favourable "cost:benefit"value and works are likely to go ahead. If, however, the costs exceed the estimated value of damage, then works are uneconomic and unlikely to proceed.
1. Explain the three coastal management options - Hard engineering, soft engineering and managed retreat.
2. Under what circumstances do you think that managed retreat might be chosen?
From here NL 10W
10X have started the following...
3. Using the text pages 106/107, make your own notes about the different Hard Engineering approaches. Include a labelled and annotated illustration of each.
You may choose to make a table for each and use coloured backing paper.
CW 10W th November 2016
10X 30th November 2016
Title:
Coastal Management Options and Techniques
Aims:
To be able to describe methods of Hard Engineering, Soft Engineering and Managed Retreat in the management of coastal areas.
To be able to explain the purpose of specific options/techniques and decisions made about the approach adopted.
Key Vocab:
- Hard Engineering
- Sea Wall
- Groynes
- Rock Armour
- Gabions
- Soft Engineering
- Beach nourishment
- Sand dune regeneration
- Dune fencing
- Managed Retreat
Review:
Done with 10X/Not with 10W
What would be the likely consequences of the sea eroding and flooding these areas?
Should they be protected or should the forces of nature be allowed to take their course?
10X and 10W done
Activities:
1. Using the information on pages 106 and 107,
make your own notes about HARD
ENGINEERING methods of coastal management.
Include:
- A description
- A sketch to show what it looks like
- Approximate costs
- Advantages and disadvantages
- What the method primarily achieves in terms of coastal management
Review:
Name the method. Key features. Cost. Visual Impact. Advantages and Disadvantages..
2. Repeat this above for the methods of Soft
Engineering.
Done with 10X/Not with 10W
Extension/Review:
Using the source sheet provided below...
Answer the following:
Done with 10X/Not with 10W
Extension/Review:
Using the source sheet provided below...
Answer the following:
CW 10W 2nd December 2016
(Set as cover*)
(Set as cover*)
10X 5th December 2016
Title:
Coastal Management - Managed Retreat
Title:
Coastal Management - Managed Retreat
Activities
Medmerry Managed Retreat: HERE
Gov Policy Doc : HERE
10X On Q 3 Slide 4
Support slide show - HERE
Support slide show - HERE
CW 10W 12th December 2016
10X 14th December 2016
www.dorsetforyou.gov.uk/lyme
Lyme Regis is located on an actively eroding stretch of the West Dorset coast and faces considerable challenges from coastal erosion and landslipping. Problems have been particularly serious during the last 100 years, with many properties destroyed or damaged, erosion of the foreshore and major breaches of the sea walls.
Report on Lyme Regis Coastal Management
HERE
Lyme Regis Locations
Evidence of Management?
Historical Issues
Management
Study the text book case study on pages 112 and 113.
Complete the activities in the Blue Box (pp 113)
Complete the evaluative task below... Ignore the marks, this should be a developed and evidenced response that goes beyond what would normally be produced in an examination.
Follow on question:
Explain why a system of managed retreat would not be an appropriate coastal management response at Lyme Regis.
Study the Photograph below.
The cliffs are made of chalk which despite being relatively soft (as rocks go) is in thick beds. It is also horizintally bedded. Both of these factors help it to form high, vertical cliffs. Suggest why/how.
Glacial Till - is material that is left behind by glaciation. It consists of a mix of material deposited by glaciers and ranging in size from clay particles (almost microscopic) to large boulders.
What are the coastal landforms indicated left unlabelled?
Could you name the processes responsible for their formation?
Describe how these processes lead to the formation of one of the features in the photo.
Using the photograph below (Durdle Door in S. Dorset):
1. Identify as many coastal landforms as you can (look carefully).
2. Make an neat and accurate "field sketch" of the coastal scene shown in the photo, add labels to show the landforms you have recognised and then...
3. Choose one landform and write
Pompei - Prep for Next Term - HERE
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